This report explores return aspirations and trajectories of migrants by examining the governance of returns and migrants’ perspectives and experiences on return from Turkey, Morocco, Poland, and Greece. These countries were selected because they can be seen as transit zones - not just as “transit countries” within migration chains, but also frequently in migrants' own accounts of where they are on a mobility trajectory. The report investigates how these countries' return migration governance influences return dynamics, outlining trends in…
Read MoreThis Country Dossier on Sweden presents an overview of the assisted and forced return migration infrastructures (RMIs) in Sweden, focusing on detention infrastructures as a case study. It examines how return migration governance is put into practice through the theoretical lenses of RMIs, which refers to the actions (doings) and interactions (relations) of actors, and the formal and informal methods, strategies, materialities—such as places, geography, and objects—as well as technologies that they deploy in the implementation of these policies.
Read MoreThis Country Dossier focusing on Greece is part of Work Package 3 of the GAPs project and discusses how return migration governance is put into practice, through the concept of ‘Return Migration Infrastructures (RMIs)’. Greece has a long history of returns the implementation of which has taken different forms depending on the political and socioeconomic context. Forced returns and deportations have been in place since the migratory movements of the 1990s, the Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration…
Read MoreThis country dossier on Morocco provides a comprehensive analysis of migration dynamics, highlighting the diverse experiences, motivations, and challenges migrants face. Based on 32 in-depth interviews with migrants of different administrative statuses and national backgrounds, as well as national data, the dossier explores Morocco’s role as both a transit and destination country within the broader migration landscape. Migrants arrive in Morocco for various reasons, including economic hardship, conflict…
Read MoreThis report provides a snapshot of the nature of the return migration infrastructure in Iraq, represented by the services provided to returning migrants, whether they returned through forced, assisted or voluntary means. The report focuses on Iraqi returnees from EU countries and it starts with a historical overview of the major waves of migration that Iraq has witnessed over the past decades, as well as their motives, time stages, trends, and available numbers over time…
Read MoreIn Nigeria, the return migration infrastructure consists of a network of various government ministries, international organisations such as the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), the German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ), and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (FRONTEX), alongside local civil society organisations….
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